A consideration of Hyuga: Is Hyuga from Kawachi?
Episode 1214
In the previous post, I wrote: "Ikoma Mountain and Kusaka: Hyuga is the area from Ikoma to the Kawachi Plain , and traditionally, 'Himuka' has been understood as a place name in southern Kyushu, and has been considered the setting for the descent of the heavenly grandchild in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki myths. However, since the etymology of ancient place names is closely linked to topography, the view of the sun, and the view of direction, I think it is necessary to carefully examine later repurposing of place names and royal reorganizations." But even I, who wrote that, am half-convinced, so this time I will delve deeper into Hyuga.
The word "Hyuga" appears in the Kojiki in only three places in total.
And then I realized that these are not all proper place names referring to "Hyuga Province in southern Kyushu," but rather mythological place names (directional names/symbolic names).
◆All occurrences of the word "Hyuga" in the Kojiki
① The Descent of the Heavenly Grandson - "Tsukushi no Hyuga no Takachiho no Kushifurutake"
In context, the scene where Ninigi descends from heaven is where the name "Hyuga" first appears.
"Hyuga" is a place name symbolizing "facing the sun," and "Takachiho" is a mythological mountain name; it is unlikely that these refer to the actual Hyuga Province (Miyazaki).
② Emperor Jimmu section (starting point): "Takachiho Palace in Hyuga"
This scene depicts Emperor Jimmu (Kamuyamato Iwarebiko) deciding to head east with his older brother, Itsuse no Mikoto, in search of a land to rule over the land. The Kojiki identifies "Hyuga" here as Takachiho Palace, but many researchers point out that this is a politically motivated interpretation based on the idea that "Jimmu was from southern Kyushu," and is unnatural in terms of the rationality of the place name chain and sea route.
③Emperor Jinmu stage (start of eastern expedition)
"Then, he departed from Hyuga and traveled to Tsukushi."
This scene depicts Emperor Jimmu departing from Hyuga and heading towards Tsukushi (northern Kyushu). Here too, "Hyuga" is used alone.
The phrase "Hyuga of Tsukushi" does not appear at all in the Kojiki.
The word "Hyuga" does not appear anywhere else in the main text of the Kojiki.
*The Kojiki never uses the phrase "Tsukushi no Hyuga." "Tsukushi no Hyuga" is a phrase from the Nihon Shoki and does not exist in the Kojiki.
The phrase "Hyuga of Tsukushi" appears in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) only in the section on the Age of the Gods (Volume 1), and in a total of two places.
① Volume 1 (Age of the Gods, Part 1), Section 5, Alternative Account 6: The scene where Izanagi-no-Mikoto returns from the underworld and performs a purification ritual.
This is the most famous appearance, depicting "the birth of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, and Susanoo."
It is positioned at the center of the mythological structure. ~ Chikushi no Hyuga no Odo no Tachibana no Aokihara: Izanagi's purification ritual, birth of the three noble children
② Volume 1 (Age of the Gods, Part 1), Section 5, Main Text (Part 1): One of the scenes depicting the descent of the heavenly grandchild.
Kushifuru Peak in Takachiho, Hyuga, Chikushi
Why are Ninigi's descent from heaven (Ninigi) and Izanagi's purification ritual described in the same geographical area? The phrase "Hyuga of Tsukushi" does not appear anywhere else in the main text of the Nihon Shoki.
~~
• In this blog, Takachiho is referred to as Katano City, Osaka Prefecture. ~ Episode 524: Takachiho is Mount Katano (Katano City, Osaka Prefecture)
・In this blog, Ninigi is identified as Toyo. ~ Episode 436: Ninigi-no-Mikoto: Ninigi is Toyo
Aside from the above, the place name "Hyuga" appears in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki as "Hyuga no Abira-tsuhime."
In the Kojiki, Agohiratsuhime is referred to as Ahirahime.
Hyuga no Abira-tsuhime is said to have been the younger sister of Ata-no-kimi Kobashi and became the consort of Toyomikenuma-no-Mikoto (Emperor Jimmu). A place name search for Kobashi brings up the name Kobashi in Tennoji Ward, Osaka City .
There is a shrine there called Ubuyu Inari Shrine, and its enshrined deities are said to be Ukanomitama-no-kami, Shitateruhime, and Oohashi-no-mikoto.
This Oohashi no Mikoto (also known as Mimishuku) was the son of Nakatomi no Ikazuchi no Omi and the daughter of Takenouchi no Sukune, Ki no Kiyoo. His father, Nakatomi no Ikazuchi no Omi, served Empress Jingu and was known as the "ancestor of Tsushima Prefecture." Not only are there many shrines dedicated to him in Tsushima City, but he is also the ancestor of Tsushima Shinto. Some believe him to be Takara Tamatare no Mikoto, the deity enshrined at Takara Taisha in Kurume. Episode 495: Takara Tamatare no Mikoto (Takara Taisha) and Takenouchi no Sukune identifies Takara Tamatare no Mikoto as Utsushikoo (Uchishikoo no Mikoto) = Susanoo (King of Tsuda ) = Nashime .
In the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), "Tsukushi" is written as "竺紫(Tsukushi)".
The spelling "竺紫 (Tsukushi)" is evidence that the compilers of the Nihon Shoki deliberately chose an alternative character to reconstruct "Tsukushi" as a mythological and symbolic place name. This is not merely a phonetic transcription, but an important sign that reveals the hierarchical structure of the place name and the intention behind the mythological editing.
"竺紫" is an alternative form of "筑紫," but the meaning is different. It is thought that the Nihon Shoki deliberately used the character "竺" to reconstruct Tsukushi as "Kyushu as a mythological space."
The character "竺" originally had the following meaning: 竺 = Tenjiku (India) – a character referring to a sacred Buddhist site, symbolizing another world, a sacred place, or a distant place. Therefore, writing it as "竺紫" (Chikushi) signifies "Kyushu = a sacred other world, a mythical space."
It seems to be conveying that nuance.
This is not merely a variation in spelling, but an operation to separate the place names in the Kamiyo-maki (Ancient Scroll of the Gods) from "real Kyushu."
The fact that the other volumes of the Nihon Shoki use the kanji "Tsukushi" but the volume on the Age of the Gods uses "Tsukushi" is clearly intentional.
The Age of the Gods in Kyushu = Chikushi (mythological space)
Kyushu = Chikushi (real space) in the Jindai-maki
This creates a two-layered structure.
④ "Tsukumurasaki no Hinata" is compatible with "Hinata" as a "directional name".
In the Kojiki, "Hyuga" is not a specific place name, but rather a symbolic place name meaning "facing the sun."
The "Hyuga of Chikushi" in the Nihon Shoki has the same structure.
Chikushi = Kyushu as a mythological space
Hyuga = A symbolic place name indicating the direction of the sun (southeast).
This is the resulting combination.
In other words, "Tsukusa no Hyuga" is
"A sacred sanctuary in the direction of the sun in Kyushu, a mythical space"
It has that meaning.
This is a completely different concept from Hyuga Province in Miyazaki.
◆⑤ "Chikushi" is a device to "fix the stage of the descent of the heavenly grandchild to Kyushu."
In order to place Kyushu as the setting for the descent of the heavenly grandchild, it is necessary to reconstruct Kyushu as a mythological space.
for that:
Tsukushi → Chikushi (sacred)
Hyuga → Symbolic place name as a directional name
Takachiho → Became a mythological mountain name
The editing process involves these three stages.
It is deeply connected to the Yamato court's concept of kingship (the succession of the Kyushu kingdom).
Chikushi is,
This name was used in ancient times to refer to the entire Kyushu region, or to the northern part of Kyushu.
There are theories that the name originates from "tsukushi" (a place where one exhausts oneself), or from "Takeshikuni" (a country of bamboo). https://www.city.chikushino.fukuoka.jp/uploaded/attachment/3822.pdf
Episode 295: Hyuga is Moriguchi City in Osaka Prefecture , and Tsukushi means "to go all the way" or "the end" or "edge." The place name Moriguchi is the western entrance (edge) to Yamatai-koku, and it may mean the guardian of the entrance. It is thought that the concept of Tsukushi = Kyushu did not exist during the time of Yamatai-koku. That's what I wrote.
Based on these points, I believe that the hypothesis I proposed last time, "Mount Ikoma = the mountain where the sun rises → Kawachi Plain = sunny," is academically valid.
You can find the previous articles here .
*This blog is written on the premise that Mimaki Province was Yamatai-koku .
The Mimaki region consists of Moriguchi, Neyagawa, Ibaraki, Suita, Takatsuki, Hirakata, and Katano.
*This blog only includes three characters from the Wei Zhi Woren Zhuan (Records of the Three Kingdoms, Account of the Wa People), Kojiki, and Nihon Shoki .
The authors (not compilers) of the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki also had no source other than the Wei Zhi Woren Zhuan (Records of the Three Kingdoms, Account of the Wa People).
I am working on assigning the characters from the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki to Susanoo (King of Tsuda ) = Utsushikoo (Uchishikoo no Mikoto) = Nashime , Himiko = Amaterasu Omikami, and Toyo (Toyo).
*The combination of Taiyo and Utsushikoo is as follows: The former is Taiyo.
Emperor Jimmu and the Yatagarasu, Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi, Empress Jingu and Takenouchi no Sukune, Emperor Ojin and Takenouchi no Sukune,
Amenouzume and Sarutahiko, Nigihayahi and Nagasunehiko
Prince Shōtoku and Soga no Umako and Hata no Kawakatsu, Itakeru and Susanoo
*Toyo (Toyo) refers to the person who, according to the Records of Wei, ascended to the throne as the Great King (Emperor) of Yamatai at the age of 13.
*Utsushikoo refers to Nanshomei, as described in the Records of Wei: Account of the Wa People.
So far, I've been writing without any contradictions. If there are any inconsistencies, I'll use those inconsistencies as hints for the next article.
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Night view of Mount Ikoma
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